LDN – one small dose, many possibilities
Low Dose Naltrexone is a familiar medicine used in an unfamiliar way. We read your history, check it’s right for you, and compound it to your dose.
Dose profile
At around one-tenth of the licensed dose, naltrexone behaves differently, gently modulating the immune system rather than blocking it. Your prescriber sets the exact dose for you.
The molecule
The same medicine, used at a much lower dose
At around 50 mg, naltrexone has been used for decades to treat opioid and alcohol dependence, where it blocks the body’s opioid receptors.
At roughly 4.5 mg, it does something quite different. A brief, partial block prompts the body to respond by increasing its own natural painkillers and calming an over-active immune response. That is the idea behind Low Dose Naltrexone, or LDN.
It is used off-licence, under a prescriber’s care, in a range of long-term conditions driven by inflammation and immune over-activity. It is not a cure, and it is not right for everyone, which is exactly why it starts with a proper consultation.
The one-line version
High-dose naltrexone blocks. Low-dose naltrexone nudges, turning the volume down on inflammation rather than switching anything off.
How it’s thought to work
Calms the immune system
LDN is thought to reduce the release of inflammatory messengers such as TNF from immune and mast cells.
Rebalances inflammation
At low doses it appears to help the immune system respond more appropriately, rather than over-reacting.
Lifts natural painkillers
The brief receptor block encourages the body to make more of its own endorphins, which may ease pain and fatigue.
Generally well tolerated
Side effects tend to be mild, most often vivid dreams or short-lived sleep disturbance when starting.
Meet Dr Ada
“LDN isn’t a magic bullet, and I’ll never pretend it is. What it can be is a genuinely useful option, for the right person, at the right dose.”
Here’s how I see it: no two people with a long-term condition are the same, so the starting point isn’t a product, it’s your story. We look at what you’ve already tried, what you’re taking now, and what you’re actually hoping to change.
If LDN fits, we compound it to your dose and stay with you as we adjust it. If it doesn’t, we’ll tell you plainly, and point you somewhere more useful. That’s what “treatment that fits you” means.
Dr Ada is A Fictional Brand Ambassador.
Your actual care is prescribed & signed off by UK-registered clinicians.
How it works
Your LDN journey, start to finish
The whole pathway is built to be safe, simple and done from home. You share your history, a clinician reviews it, and, if LDN is right for you, we make it up and keep an eye on how you get on.
01
Online questionnaire
Share your medical history, current symptoms and any treatments you’ve tried, securely and at your own pace.
02
Choose your formulation
Once approved, pick the form that suits you, capsules or liquid, compounded to your prescribed dose.
03
Clinical review
Our prescribing team reviews your answers to decide whether LDN is a suitable and safe option for you.
04
Delivered to you
Your compounded medicine is sent by tracked, signed-for Royal Mail, so it arrives safely.
05
Follow-up & review
We check in as you settle, adjust the dose if needed, and you can request a review any time.
Made to your dose
Three forms, one carefully compounded medicine
LDN doses are small and often built up slowly, so how the medicine is made matters. As a compounding pharmacy, we prepare each prescription to the exact strength your prescriber sets.
Formulation A
Liquid
Ideal for gentle, gradual titration and for very small starting doses. Adjust in fine steps as your prescriber guides you.
Fine control for slow dose build-up
Helpful if you’re sensitive to medicines
Easy to change the dose between reviews
Formulation B
Capsules
Simple, pre-measured and easy to take at the same time each day. A straightforward choice once you’ve settled on a steady dose.
Fixed, consistent strength in every capsule
No measuring, easy to travel with
Made to your prescribed milligram dose
Formulation C
Buccal patch
Oral patches that bypass the GI tract and are suitable for those sensitive to the liquid.
Available as 4.5mg maintenance dose
Easy to travel with
Long shelf-life
Where LDN is used
Long-term conditions where LDN may help
LDN is used across several conditions linked by inflammation and immune over-activity. The evidence differs for each, so we’ve summarised what’s known below. A consultation is the only way to know whether it’s right for your situation.
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a long-term condition causing widespread pain, tenderness and fatigue. Many people also have poor sleep, memory and concentration problems (often called “fibro fog”), and a heightened sensitivity to pain.
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it’s thought to involve changes in how the brain and nervous system process pain signals. Symptoms fluctuate, and stress, weather or activity can make them worse.
Management usually combines several approaches: gentle regular exercise, good sleep habits, stress management, and support from healthcare professionals, family and friends.
What the evidence suggests
Moderate pain relief, well tolerated
A review of five clinical trials found that LDN can help reduce pain in fibromyalgia. Compared with a placebo it showed moderate pain relief, though it didn’t change pain sensitivity (how much pressure causes pain).
No serious side effects were reported, although vivid dreams were more common on LDN. Overall it appears safe and helpful, and the authors note more research is still needed.
Nazir et al. (2025) Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 87(5) [Ref 1]
A meta-analysis of five trials found moderate pain relief versus placebo, with a good safety profile. It’s one option to discuss with a prescriber, alongside exercise, sleep and stress management.
Widespread pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep and “fibro fog” (problems with memory and focus) are the most common.
There’s no single test. Doctors diagnose it from your symptoms and by ruling out other conditions. It’s more common in women and usually develops between the ages of 30 and 60.
Long COVID
Long COVID describes symptoms that continue for weeks or months after a COVID-19 infection has cleared. Common ones include fatigue, breathlessness, brain fog, chest pain, joint pain and changes in taste or smell.
It can affect anyone, even people who had a mild or symptom-free infection. The cause is still being researched, but lingering inflammation, immune responses and changes to the nervous system are all thought to play a part.
Recovery usually means working with healthcare professionals on a personalised plan, which may include physical therapy, breathing exercises and support for mental wellbeing.
What the evidence suggests
Early signals on fatigue and pain
Early research suggests LDN may ease Long COVID symptoms, particularly fatigue, post-exertional malaise (crashing after activity), poor sleep and pain.
In one small study, people reported better mood and less chest tightness and joint pain after two months. Another found improvements in tiredness and sleep regardless of how long symptoms had lasted.
Medical Mojo (n.d.) Long COVID and LDN [Ref 2]
It’s when symptoms continue for weeks or months after the initial infection has gone. Even a mild case of COVID can lead to it.
They vary, but often include ongoing fatigue, brain fog, breathlessness, chest pain or palpitations, muscle and joint aches, and sleep or mood problems. Symptoms may come and go or worsen after activity.
No. It’s the result of the body’s response to the original infection. You can’t catch Long COVID from someone who has it.
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
Mast cells are part of your immune system. They act like sentries, releasing chemicals such as histamine and TNF when they detect a threat. In MCAS these cells become over-active, releasing their chemicals even when there’s no real danger.
Because those chemicals affect the whole body, symptoms can seem unrelated and hard to pin down: skin flushing and hives, stomach upset, swelling, headaches or brain fog, breathing difficulty, a racing heart or low blood pressure. Foods, stress, temperature and exercise can all be triggers.
Managing MCAS usually means identifying your personal triggers, using antihistamines and related medicines to block the chemicals mast cells release, and sometimes calming the immune system more broadly.
What the evidence suggests
Turning down mast cell activity
One of the key chemicals mast cells release is TNF, which drives inflammation and is linked to pain, fatigue and sleep problems.
LDN is thought to reduce the release of inflammatory messengers like TNF, helping the immune system respond more appropriately. Its effect is dose-dependent: low doses appear to calm inflammation, while higher doses can worsen it, which is why the low dose matters.
da Silveira Gorman & Syed (2024) Rheumatology & Autoimmunity, 4(4) [Ref 3]
By helping to reduce the release of inflammatory chemicals such as TNF from mast cells, LDN may calm the over-activity behind many MCAS symptoms, with fewer side effects than some other options. It’s used under a prescriber’s care.
No, but they’re related. An allergy is the immune system reacting to a specific substance; MCAS is mast cells being over-active in general, even without a clear allergen.
It can be difficult, because symptoms overlap with other conditions. Doctors may use blood or urine tests to check for chemicals released by mast cells, alongside a careful review of your symptoms and history.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), causes extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest. People often also have problems with memory and concentration, muscle and joint pain, headaches and disturbed sleep.
The exact cause isn’t known, but it may be triggered by infections, immune changes or stress, and in many cases begins after a viral illness. A hallmark is post-exertional malaise, where even small tasks can leave someone drained for days.
Living well with CFS/ME usually involves pacing, balancing activity with rest, and working with professionals to manage individual symptoms.
What the evidence suggests
Around 74% reported feeling better
A review of records from 218 people with ME/CFS taking LDN at 3.0–4.5 mg per day found that about 74% felt better. Many reported improved energy, alertness and mental clarity, and some had less pain.
Mild side effects such as nausea or trouble sleeping were common at first, but no serious or long-term effects were seen. The authors call it a safe and promising option, with more research still needed.
Polo, Pesonen & Tuominen (2019) Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 7(4) [Ref 4]
No. CFS is more than everyday tiredness. It’s a medical condition where the fatigue is often disabling and isn’t relieved by sleep or rest.
- Constant, deep tiredness
- Feeling worse after physical or mental effort (post-exertional malaise)
- Sleep that doesn’t feel refreshing
- Brain fog
- Muscle or joint pain
There’s no single test. Doctors diagnose it by ruling out other conditions and checking whether symptoms have lasted six months or more without another explanation.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) covers a group of conditions that cause ongoing inflammation in the digestive tract. The two main types are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which affect different parts of the gut.
Symptoms often include ongoing stomach pain or cramps, diarrhoea (sometimes with blood or mucus), tiredness, weight loss or poor appetite, and an urgent need for the toilet. They tend to come and go, with flare-ups and periods of remission.
The cause isn’t fully understood, but it’s thought to be a mix of genetics, immune problems and environmental factors. Treatment usually includes medicine to reduce inflammation, dietary changes and, in some cases, surgery, with regular check-ups.
What the evidence suggests
Promise in hard-to-treat cases
A study of people with IBD who hadn’t responded well to standard treatment found that around three in four (74.5%) felt better after starting LDN, and about one in four (25.5%) reached lasting remission, often confirmed on camera examination.
No serious side effects or liver problems were reported. LDN is thought to calm the immune system, reduce gut inflammation and support healing of the gut lining, making it a safe and promising option worth more research.
Lie et al. (2018) Journal of Translational Medicine, 16 [Ref 5]
Crohn’s can affect any part of the digestive tract and all layers of the bowel wall. Ulcerative colitis affects only the colon and rectum, and usually just the inner lining.
There’s currently no cure, but treatment can control symptoms and reduce flare-ups. Many people have long periods with few or no symptoms.
Yes. Certain foods can trigger symptoms for some people. Working with a dietitian can help you find an approach that keeps you well.
Hashimoto’s disease
Hashimoto’s is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, gradually reducing thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism). It affects around 1–2% of people, mostly women, and can develop at any age.
Because the thyroid regulates metabolism, temperature, heart rate, mood and more, an underactive gland can cause fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, dry skin, hair thinning and brain fog. Diagnosis uses symptom assessment, blood tests for hormones and antibodies, and sometimes an ultrasound.
The standard treatment is daily levothyroxine (T4). Most people respond well, but some continue to have symptoms despite normal blood results, which is where complementary options are sometimes explored.
What the evidence suggests
An emerging adjunct, not a replacement
LDN is gaining attention for its potential to modulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, and some patients report improvements in energy, mood and wellbeing.
However, rigorous clinical evidence is still limited. Importantly, LDN is not a replacement for thyroid hormone therapy. It may be considered as part of a wider plan, under medical supervision, alongside standard treatment.
Based on practitioner experience and emerging research. Discuss suitability with a prescriber.
It’s an emerging therapy that may help regulate the immune system and reduce inflammation. Some patients report better symptoms, but more research is needed, and it should be used alongside standard thyroid hormone treatment, not instead of it.
Yes, especially early on. As the immune system attacks the thyroid, stored hormone can leak out and briefly cause overactive-thyroid symptoms before the gland becomes underactive.
Selenium and vitamin D may benefit some people, particularly if you’re deficient, but too much can be harmful. Always discuss supplements with your healthcare provider first.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
CRPS is a long-term pain condition that usually affects one arm or leg, often after an injury, fracture or operation. The pain is far more severe and lasting than the original injury would explain, and it can come with swelling, changes in skin colour and temperature, and extreme sensitivity, where even light touch or clothing hurts.
The exact cause isn’t fully understood, but it’s thought to involve an exaggerated inflammatory response and changes in how the nerves, spinal cord and brain process pain, leaving the pain system stuck in an over-active state.
CRPS is best managed by a specialist pain team. Physiotherapy and keeping the limb moving, nerve pain medicines and pain management programmes are the mainstays, and early treatment gives the best chance of improvement.
What the evidence suggests
Early case reports, not yet trials
LDN is thought to calm immune cells in the nervous system, called glial cells, that amplify pain signals, which is why it has attracted interest in CRPS. Two detailed case reports described meaningful improvements in pain and other CRPS features after starting LDN.
However, there are no large controlled trials in CRPS yet. LDN is used off-licence alongside physiotherapy and specialist pain care, and it can’t be taken with opioid painkillers, so your prescriber will check your medicines carefully.
Chopra & Cooper (2013) Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 8(3) [Ref 6]
The evidence so far comes from case reports, some describing less pain and sensitivity. It’s one option to discuss with a prescriber, alongside physiotherapy and your pain team, never instead of them.
No. LDN blocks opioid medicines and can trigger withdrawal or stop your pain relief working. Your prescriber will review everything you take first, and you should never stop prescribed painkillers without speaking to your pain team.
There’s no single test. A doctor, usually a pain specialist, diagnoses it from your symptoms and an examination using recognised criteria known as the Budapest criteria, after ruling out other causes of limb pain.
Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a common, long-term skin condition that causes raised, scaly patches called plaques. They can be itchy, sore or cracked, and often appear on the elbows, knees, scalp and lower back, though they can develop anywhere. The nails can be affected too.
It’s driven by an over-active immune system, which signals the skin to make new cells in days rather than weeks, so they pile up on the surface. It isn’t contagious. Flares can be triggered by stress, infection, skin injury or some medicines, and some people also develop psoriatic arthritis.
Treatment is stepped to match severity: creams and ointments first, then light therapy, and for more severe psoriasis, tablet or biologic medicines prescribed and monitored by dermatology.
What the evidence suggests
Small open studies show promise
In an open study of 71 people with psoriasis, taking LDN daily for three months significantly improved skin severity scores, the area of skin affected and quality of life. Case reports describe similar improvements, including less itch.
However, the study had no placebo group, and larger controlled trials are still needed. LDN is an add-on to explore, not a replacement for proven treatments such as topicals, light therapy or biologics.
Khan, Ghafoor & Kaleem (2020) Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 30(6) [Ref 7]
Early research suggests it may improve plaques, itch and quality of life for some people, but the evidence is still limited. It’s used alongside your usual treatment, under a prescriber’s care.
No. Psoriasis is driven by the immune system, not an infection, so you can’t catch it from someone or pass it on.
LDN is taken by mouth and isn’t known to interfere with creams or light therapy. If you’re on a biologic or another immune-modifying medicine, your prescriber will discuss it with you and your dermatology team so your proven treatment isn’t disrupted.
Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia is persistent pain of the vulva, lasting three months or more, without a clear cause such as an infection or skin condition. It’s often described as burning, stinging, rawness or soreness, and it can be constant or triggered by touch, sitting, tampons or sex.
It’s a real, recognised pain condition, even when examinations and swabs come back normal. It’s thought to involve over-sensitive nerve endings, local inflammation involving mast cells, changes in how the nervous system processes pain, and tension in the pelvic floor muscles.
Care usually combines several approaches: gentle vulval care and avoiding irritants, pelvic floor physiotherapy, topical or nerve pain medicines, and psychological or psychosexual support.
What the evidence suggests
Encouraging early case reports
A case series described three people whose vulvodynia hadn’t been controlled by standard treatments. All three reported that their symptoms improved after LDN was added, and none reported side effects.
LDN is thought to calm nerve sensitisation and inflammation, both linked to chronic vulval pain. These are early results from very few patients, so larger studies are needed, and LDN is used as an add-on to your existing care.
Sullender et al. (2025) Case Reports in Women’s Health, 45 [Ref 8]
Early case reports suggest it may help when standard treatments haven’t, but the evidence is still limited. It’s added to your existing care under a prescriber’s supervision, not used instead of it.
Yes. Vulvodynia is a recognised pain condition. Normal results don’t mean nothing is wrong, they mean the pain is driven by nerve sensitivity and inflammation rather than something routine tests pick up.
Yes, that’s how it’s meant to be used. Keep up your physiotherapy, vulval care and any specialist treatment. The main exception is opioid medicines, which LDN can block, so tell your prescriber about everything you take.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
MS is a lifelong condition in which the immune system attacks myelin, the protective coating around nerves in the brain and spinal cord. This disrupts the messages travelling along the nerves, and it’s most often diagnosed in people in their twenties, thirties and forties.
Symptoms vary from person to person and can include fatigue, vision problems, numbness, muscle stiffness and spasms, balance and walking difficulties, bladder problems and changes in memory or concentration. Most people start with relapsing-remitting MS, where symptoms flare and then settle.
MS is diagnosed and managed by a neurology team. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are the main treatment to reduce relapses and slow progression, alongside symptom management and rehabilitation.
What the evidence suggests
Small trials, mixed results
In a small placebo-controlled crossover trial of 80 people with MS, eight weeks of LDN improved some quality-of-life measures, including mental wellbeing and pain. A pilot study in primary progressive MS found it was safe and linked to less spasticity.
However, another small trial found no clear difference, and LDN hasn’t been shown to reduce relapses or slow progression. It’s used off-licence alongside your DMT and neurology care, never instead of them.
Cree, Kornyeyeva & Goodin (2010) Annals of Neurology, 68(2) [Ref 9]
Some small trials suggest it may help with quality of life, mood and pain for some people, but the evidence is limited and mixed. It isn’t a disease-modifying therapy, so it doesn’t replace your DMT.
No. DMTs are the proven treatment for reducing relapses and slowing MS. If you explore LDN, it sits alongside your DMT and your neurology team should be kept informed.
LDN is usually well tolerated, with mild side effects such as vivid dreams early on. It can’t be taken with opioid painkillers, so your prescriber will review everything you take, including any medicines for pain or spasticity.
Hailey-Hailey Disease
Hailey-Hailey disease, also called familial benign chronic pemphigus, is a rare inherited skin condition. It causes raw, blistered and cracked patches in skin folds such as the neck, armpits, groin and under the breasts, which can itch, burn and become painful or infected.
It’s caused by a change in the ATP2C1 gene, which affects how skin cells control calcium and stick together. A child of an affected parent has a 1 in 2 chance of inheriting it, and flares are often triggered by heat, sweat, friction and infection.
There’s no cure, but it can be managed. Keeping skin cool and dry, reducing friction, steroid creams and treating infection come first, with specialist options for more stubborn disease.
What the evidence suggests
Striking results in small case series
Two case series of three patients each described marked improvement in long-standing, hard-to-treat Hailey-Hailey disease after starting LDN, with some people’s skin largely clearing within a few months.
However, a later report found responses varied, and there are no controlled trials yet. Symptoms often return if LDN is stopped, so it’s used off-licence alongside good skin care and your dermatology team.
Ibrahim et al. (2017) JAMA Dermatology, 153(10) [Ref 10]; Albers, Arbiser & Feldman (2017) JAMA Dermatology, 153(10) [Ref 11]
Small case series report encouraging results, including in people who hadn’t responded to other treatments, but not everyone responds. It’s added to your skin care routine under a prescriber’s care, not used instead of it.
No. It’s a genetic condition, so it can’t be cured, but flares can often be reduced and controlled with the right combination of skin care, topical treatments and specialist options.
See your GP or dermatologist if patches look infected, worsen suddenly, don’t heal, or you haven’t had a firm diagnosis. Infection is common in Hailey-Hailey disease and may need treatment.
Compounding at Courier
When the standard option isn’t the right fit, we can make one to order
Courier is a compounding pharmacy. Where a prescriber decides it’s appropriate for you, we can prepare bespoke, made-to-order preparations — tailored to the individual, under full clinical governance. It’s the same principle that runs through everything we do.
Good to know
Common questions
It’s a secure, convenient way to have your medical history and symptoms reviewed by our clinical team, to see whether Low Dose Naltrexone is suitable for you, all from home.
Complete our online assessment form, giving details about your health, symptoms and any current medications. Our prescribing team takes it from there.
Yes. Once your consultation is approved, you can choose the formulation that best suits you, such as capsules or liquid, compounded to your prescribed dose.
Yes. Our prescribers follow up to monitor your progress, address any concerns and adjust your treatment plan if needed. You can also request a phone or video consultation whenever you’d like more guidance.
LDN is generally well tolerated. The most common effects are mild and tend to settle, most often vivid dreams or short-lived sleep disturbance when starting. Your prescriber will talk through what to expect for you.
Our compounded medicines are shipped via Royal Mail with a tracking service. Parcels must be signed for on delivery and can’t be left unattended or posted through a letterbox, which protects the integrity of the product in transit.
Ready when you are
Find out whether LDN is right for you
The consultation is free to complete and reviewed by our clinical team. If LDN suits you, we’ll compound it to your dose and stay with you as you settle in.
Important
This page is for general education and is not medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Low Dose Naltrexone is used off-licence and is not suitable for everyone. It is prescribed only after a consultation and clinical review by a UK-registered prescriber, and, where relevant, is used alongside (not instead of) your existing treatment. Don’t start, stop or change any medication on the basis of this material. Dr Ada Jex Cori is a fictional brand ambassador representing Courier Pharmacy’s values.
References
- Nazir, M.H., Mehboob, U., Farhan, M., Patel, T., Ahmad, M., Nazir, S., Durrani, T.A., Khafaja, M., Sobhi, A., Kuznetsova, M. and Ahmed, M., 2025. Efficacy and safety of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) in fibromyalgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 87(5), pp.2928–2935. Available at: journals.lww.com
- Medical Mojo (n.d.). Long COVID and LDN. Available at: medicalmojo.co.uk/long-covid-and-ldn (Accessed: 19 June 2025).
- da Silveira Gorman, R. and Syed, I.U., 2024. Expanding the scope of mast cell disease: does mast cell-derived TNF play a role in immune-mediated chronic illness and autoimmunity? Rheumatology & Autoimmunity, 4(4), pp.218–225. Available at: mednexus.org
- Polo, O., Pesonen, P. and Tuominen, E., 2019. Low-dose naltrexone in the treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 7(4), pp.207–217. Available at: tandfonline.com
- Lie, M.R., van der Giessen, J., Fuhler, G.M., de Lima, A., Peppelenbosch, M.P., van der Ent, C. and van der Woude, C.J., 2018. Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Journal of Translational Medicine, 16, pp.1–11. Available at: link.springer.com
- Chopra, P. and Cooper, M.S., 2013. Treatment of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) using low dose naltrexone (LDN). Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology , 8(3), pp.470–476. Available at: link.springer.com
- Khan, S., Ghafoor, R. and Kaleem, S., 2020. Efficacy of low dose naltrexone in psoriasis. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan , 30(6). doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2020.06.579. Available at: jcpsp.pk
- Sullender, R.T., Silverstein, R.G., Goodwin, D.M., McClurg, A.B. and Carey, E.T., 2025. Low-dose naltrexone as a treatment for vulvodynia: a case series. Case Reports in Women’s Health , 45, e00677. Available at: sciencedirect.com
- Cree, B.A.C., Kornyeyeva, E. and Goodin, D.S., 2010. Pilot trial of low-dose naltrexone and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Annals of Neurology , 68(2), pp.145-150. Available at: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Ibrahim, O., Hogan, S.R., Vij, A. and Fernandez, A.P., 2017. Low-dose naltrexone treatment of familial benign pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease). JAMA Dermatology , 153(10), pp.1015-1017. Available at: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Albers, L.N., Arbiser, J.L. and Feldman, R.J., 2017. Treatment of Hailey-Hailey disease with low-dose naltrexone. JAMA Dermatology , 153(10), pp.1018-1020. Available at: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
